[Markers of ductal carcinoma in situ]

The breast cancer has become more frequent with women lately. The reasons for that are longer life, effects of external factors and hormone effects, estrogen in particular either natural or synthetic. Today's trend is to detect these tumors in situ in early stage where two types of lesions are distinguished: ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and lobular carcinoma in situ. It is important to determine by means of histochemistry receptors for estrogen, progesteronee, C-erb B-2, p53 and profilic nucleic antigen (PCNA) in tissue of these tumors not only for prognostic importance, bat for selection of the optimal treatment method. The aim of the study is to analyze the frequency of the said receptors in 22 samples of tissue "ex tempore" where DCIS was found. Out of 50 cases where areas of micro-calcification identified on mammograms, 22 cases were separated with DCIS "ex tempore". Applying the immunohistochemistry method with commercial antibodies produced by the firm "Dako" receptors of estrogen, progesterone, C-erb B-2, p53 and PCNA were identified. Receptors were identified by monoclonal antibodies according to the instruction supplied by the firm. Regarding the type of DCIS the finding was 18% solid, 4.5% comedo, 4.5% parietal, 13.6 cribriform, while mixed types were found in 59.1% cases. Out of 22 women with DCIS, 4 of them or 18.2% had positive P-53; 13 or 59.1% PCNA, 15 or 68.2% positive C-erb B-2, 8 or 36.4% positive estrogen, 4 or 18.2% positive progesterone receptors. When the sample is submitted for patho-histologic testing it is necessary to determine the subtypes of DCIS, number of ducts affected by subtypes, other accompanying profilic changes and it is compulsory to identify receptors for C-erb B-2, estrogen and progesteronee, which can be done in any patho-histologic lab. The benefit of their identification before passing a decision about the therapy is big, i.e. they determine the type of therapy which has a preventive effect on the rest od tissue both affected and sound breast.