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[Risk factors of intrauterine growth retardation in Congo]
M C Mafina-Mienandi1, P S Ganga-Zandzou, P Makoumbou
1Service de Néonatologie, Brazzaville, BP 32, Congo.
Insights
Identifying key factors for intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) is crucial for newborn health. This study highlights low educational level, socioeconomic status, and inadequate maternal weight gain as significant risk factors for IUGR.
Area of Science:
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Neonatal Medicine
- Public Health
Context:
- Investigated determinants of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) in Brazzaville, Congo.
- Case-control study involving 539 neonates per group.
- Utilized Leroy and Lefort growth curves for case definition.
Purpose:
- To identify risk factors associated with IUGR.
- To inform the development of prevention strategies for IUGR.
- To analyze determinants using univariate and multivariate analyses.
Summary:
- Univariate analysis identified multiple risk factors including maternal age, education, socioeconomic status, parity, interpregnancy interval, prenatal care, weight gain, and malaria.
- Multivariate analysis confirmed low educational level, low social and economic status, and maternal weight gain <5kg as primary risk factors for IUGR.
- The study provides valuable insights into preventable causes of IUGR.
Impact:
- Identified key modifiable risk factors for IUGR, enabling targeted interventions.
- Provides evidence for public health initiatives aimed at improving fetal growth outcomes.
- Contributes to understanding IUGR in a specific African population, informing regional health policies.
Abstract:
A case-control study was performed between April 1st and September 30th to investigate determinants of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) in 3 centers in Brazzaville, Congo. Each patient group included 539 neonates. Cases were newborns with birth weight below the 10th percentile of the Leroy and Lefort curve. Risk factors of IUGR identified with univariate analysis were: maternal age<20 years, low educational level, unmarried woman, low social and economic status, primiparity, low birthweight of previous child, low interpregnancy interval, number of prenatal examinations<4, maternal weight gain during pregnancy<5kg and malaria. Multivariate analysis retained 3 risk factors: low educational level, low social and economic status, and maternal weight gain during pregnancy<5kg. This study enabled us to identify certain risk factors of IUGR useful for establishing a prevention strategy.