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Favorable outcome in a case of perinatal enterovirus 71 infection

Yumi Nishikii1, Akiko Nakatomi, Tomoki Doi

  • 1Department of Pediatrics Sasebo Kyosai Hospital Sasebo, Japan.

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
|October 17, 2002
PubMed

Insights

A newborn experienced perinatal Enterovirus 71 infection, presenting with fever and skin lesions. This rare case highlights a full recovery without lasting effects, offering valuable insights into neonatal viral infections.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a significant cause of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and can lead to severe neurological complications.
  • Perinatal transmission of enteroviruses is a recognized but less common route of infection in newborns.
  • Early recognition of neonatal enteroviral infections is crucial for timely management and preventing potential sequelae.

Observation:

  • A 5-day-old infant presented with a characteristic rash, oral vesicles, and fever.
  • Maternal symptoms of skin eruption coincided with the infant's presentation.
  • A sibling had a recent diagnosis of hand, foot, and mouth disease, suggesting a potential exposure source.
  • Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed mild pleocytosis, indicative of central nervous system inflammation.

Findings:

  • Enterovirus 71 was successfully isolated from the infant's cerebrospinal fluid.
  • The clinical presentation and laboratory findings confirmed perinatal Enterovirus 71 infection.
  • Despite the presence of neurological inflammation, the infant experienced a complete recovery without any long-term complications.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the possibility of Enterovirus 71 transmission from mother to neonate during the perinatal period.
  • It highlights the importance of considering EV71 in the differential diagnosis of febrile neonates with vesicular rashes and neurological signs.
  • The favorable outcome in this documented case suggests that prompt diagnosis and supportive care may lead to good prognoses even in cases with central nervous system involvement.

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