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Chemoprotective potential of phase 2 enzyme inducers
Ryan A Dick1, Thomas W Kensler
1Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., Rm. 7032, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Abstract:
In this review we summarize recent data on the use of phase 2 enzyme inducers as cancer chemopreventive agents in preclinical and clinical studies. These agents elevate the expression of genes involved in the detoxication of electrophiles and free radicals that contribute to carcinogenesis. Their mechanisms of action, efficacy and limitations are discussed. Particular attention is paid to isothiocyante and dithiolethione classes of agents, as these are the most developed.
Insights
Phase 2 enzyme inducers show promise as cancer chemopreventive agents. These compounds enhance the body's natural defenses against carcinogens, with isothiocyanates and dithiolethiones being the most studied classes.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology
- Oncology
Background:
- Carcinogenesis involves electrophilic and free radical damage.
- Phase 2 enzymes detoxify harmful compounds.
- Cancer chemoprevention aims to prevent or delay cancer development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent data on phase 2 enzyme inducers in cancer chemoprevention.
- To discuss the mechanisms, efficacy, and limitations of these agents.
- To highlight isothiocyanate and dithiolethione classes.
Main Methods:
- Review of preclinical and clinical studies.
- Analysis of gene expression data related to detoxification pathways.
- Focus on specific chemical classes of inducers.
Main Results:
- Phase 2 enzyme inducers elevate the expression of detoxifying genes.
- These agents demonstrate chemopreventive potential in various studies.
- Isothiocyanates and dithiolethiones are well-developed examples.
Conclusions:
- Phase 2 enzyme inducers represent a promising strategy for cancer chemoprevention.
- Further research is warranted to optimize their clinical application.
- Understanding their mechanisms is key to developing effective cancer prevention therapies.