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Spine arthroplasty: a historical review
Marek Szpalski1, Robert Gunzburg, Michael Mayer
1Department of Orthopedics, Centre Hospitalier Molière Longchamp, 142 rue Marconi, 1190 Brussels, Belgium. marek.szpalski@win.be
Summary
Developing artificial discs for degenerative disc disease is challenging due to complex spinal function and material requirements. Few designs have progressed, highlighting the need for further research and clinical trials.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Spinal Surgery
- Materials Science
Background:
- Degenerative disc disease is a common spinal disorder.
- The intervertebral disc's complex structure poses challenges for artificial replacement.
- Biochemical factors add complexity to disc replacement design.
Observation:
- Two main approaches exist: prostheses for mobility (metal/polyethylene) and those replicating viscoelastic properties.
- Some designs attempt to combine both mobility and viscoelasticity.
- A vast number of proposed intervertebral disc replacement designs exist in literature and patents.
Findings:
- Few artificial disc designs have advanced to animal or human trials.
- The development of effective and reliable artificial discs remains a significant challenge.
- Ongoing randomized controlled trials are crucial for evaluating spine arthroplasty.
Implications:
- Successful artificial disc development could revolutionize spinal disorder treatment.
- Further research is needed to overcome design and material challenges.
- Clinical trials will determine the efficacy and role of spine arthroplasty.