Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 11, 2026

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors
Published on: April 9, 2014
[Paradoxical aggravation of tuberculosis after antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected patients]
1Service des Maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Groupe Hospitalier Bichat-Claude Bernard, 46, rue Henri Huchard, F75877 Paris.
Background:
Restoration of immunocompetence in HIV-infected patients after antiretroviral treatment can have unexpected effects.
Case Reports:
An unusual course of treated tuberculosis was observed in four HIV-infected patients soon after initiation of antiretroviral therapy. These patients developed fever and enlarged necrotic adenopathies despite an efficacious antituberculous therapy. They were in the initial stage of their antituberculous therapy that had been initiated a mean 12 days prior to initiation of antiretroviral therapy. The antiretroviral therapy led to an undetectable HIV load within 2 months.
Discussion:
These unusual features, which also occurred with an increase in CD4 cell counts, could be related to the immunological restoration and to the reappearance of delayed type hypersensitivity. The onset of antiretroviral therapy could thus be delayed by several weeks in HIV-infected patients treated for active tuberculosis and who have never received antiretroviral therapy.
More Related Videos
07:21Processing of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid and Matched Blood for Alveolar Macrophage and CD4+ T-cell Immunophenotyping and HIV Reservoir Assessment
Published on: June 23, 2019
10:29Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
Published on: May 9, 2025
Related Concept Videos
Retrovirus Life Cycles
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Tuberculosis