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Related Concept Videos

Common Respiratory Disorders01:31

Common Respiratory Disorders

Respiratory disorders, a prevalent health concern globally, are generally divided into two primary categories: upper and lower respiratory tract disorders. The categorization is based on the area of the respiratory system they affect.
Upper respiratory disorders impact the airways above the vocal cords, encompassing areas like the nose, sinuses, and throat. Various conditions fall under this category, including the common cold and allergic rhinitis. These disorders can stem from several causes,...
Larynx01:21

Larynx

The human larynx, often referred to as the voice box, is an intricate organ located in the neck. It serves as a pathway for air to enter the lungs during respiration and is an essential component of voice production.
Anatomy of the Larynx
The larynx consists of various components, including cartilage, muscles, and vocal cords. Its structure includes three large unpaired cartilages—the thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottis—and three smaller paired cartilages—the arytenoids, corniculates, and...
Trachea01:22

Trachea

The trachea, commonly known as the windpipe, is a vital part of the human respiratory system. It serves as a passageway for air to travel between the larynx and the bronchi, allowing oxygen to reach the lungs. Let's explore its anatomical features, dimensions, layers of the tracheal wall, associated muscles, and the functions of its parts.
Anatomical Features:
Location: About half of the trachea is situated in the neck, anterior to the esophagus, and extends from the larynx (at the level of the...
Other Pulmonary Disorders01:17

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
Respiratory System Abnormal Finding II: Palpation and Auscultation01:31

Respiratory System Abnormal Finding II: Palpation and Auscultation

In assessing respiratory abnormalities, palpation and auscultation are critical tools for detecting and interpreting various pathophysiological changes. These techniques provide insight into underlying disorders by evaluating tactile sensations and sounds produced by the respiratory system.
Palpation Findings
During a respiratory assessment, palpation can reveal several vital abnormalities:
Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...

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Murine Intrapulmonary Tracheal Transplantation: A Model for Investigating Obliterative Airway Disease After Lung Transplantation
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Murine Intrapulmonary Tracheal Transplantation: A Model for Investigating Obliterative Airway Disease After Lung Transplantation

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[Otorhinolaryngologic diseases and flying].

M Moser1

  • 1Klinische Abteilung für Neurootologie, Hals-, Nasen-, Ohren-Universitätsklinik, Auenbruggerplatz 26, A-8036 Graz. michi.moser@kfunigraz.ac.at

Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)
|October 19, 2002
PubMed
Summary

This study examines how environmental factors and physiological changes during flight impact ear, nose, and throat (ENT) health for passengers and aircrew. It details common ENT conditions and their implications for air travel safety and passenger well-being.

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Area of Science:

  • Aerospace Medicine
  • Otolaryngology
  • Environmental Physiology

Context:

  • Flight environments present unique physiological stressors including pressure changes, noise, and altered humidity.
  • These factors can exacerbate pre-existing or cause new ear, nose, and throat (ENT) conditions.
  • Understanding these impacts is crucial for both passengers and aircrew safety.

Purpose:

  • To comprehensively review the physiological and pathological effects of flight-related stressors on the ear, nose, and throat.
  • To describe common ENT conditions encountered in aviation.
  • To address the challenges of transporting passengers with ENT-related incapacitations.

Summary:

  • Discusses physiological and pathological aspects of pressure changes, noise, acceleration, temperature variations, low humidity, stress, and time differences in passengers and aircrew.
  • Details typical ear, nose, and throat (ENT) cases: tubal dysfunction, barotrauma, hearing loss, tinnitus, middle ear diseases, vertigo, and motion sickness.
  • Examines the influence of sinus affections, nasal septal deviation, and allergies on flying, and addresses transport of ENT-incapacitated individuals.

Impact:

  • Informs clinical practice for otolaryngologists managing patients with aviation-related concerns.
  • Aids in developing guidelines for air travel suitability for individuals with ENT conditions.
  • Contributes to aviation safety protocols by highlighting risks associated with ENT pathologies.