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Tissue types as prognostic risk factor in hepatitis B virus infection
Zeynep Akcam1, Mustafa Sunbul, Belma Durupinar
1Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Ondokuz Mayis University School of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey.
Summary
Host genetics influence hepatitis B virus (HBV) outcomes. Specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) variations are linked to natural immunity versus chronic HBV infection, suggesting a genetic basis for disease persistence.
Area of Science:
- Immunogenetics
- Virology
- Hepatology
Background:
- The host immune system plays a crucial role in determining outcomes of acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.
- Understanding the genetic factors, specifically major histocompatibility (MHC) antigens, associated with HBV clearance or persistence is vital.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the distribution of MHC antigens in individuals who achieved natural immunity against HBV compared to those with chronic hepatitis B.
- To identify potential genetic markers associated with the resolution or chronicity of HBV infection.
Main Methods:
- Studied three groups: 30 naturally immune individuals (IgG anti-HBs and anti-HBc positive), 30 patients with chronic hepatitis B (HBsAg positive), and 30 healthy controls.
- MHC class-I antigens were identified using the Terasaki microlymphocytotoxicity test.
- MHC class-II antigens were analyzed via polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers.
Main Results:
- Naturally immune individuals showed significantly higher frequencies of HLA antigens A11, B73, CW3, DRB1*16, and DQB1*05 compared to controls.
- Antigens B73, DRB1*04, and DRB1*13 were more frequent in the naturally immune group than in the chronic hepatitis group.
- The chronic hepatitis group exhibited higher frequencies of CW6, DRB5, and DQB1*05 compared to controls, and B8, CW7, DRB1*03, and DQB1*02 compared to the naturally immune group.
Conclusions:
- Significant differences in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allele frequencies exist between individuals with natural HBV immunity and those with chronic hepatitis B.
- These genetic variations suggest a potential role for host genetics in the persistence of HBV infection and the development of chronic liver disease.