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Updated: Jul 28, 2026

Targeting Biofilm Associated Staphylococcus aureus Using Resazurin Based Drug-susceptibility Assay
Published on: May 5, 2016
The multidrug efflux pump NorA is not required for salicylate-induced reduction in drug accumulation by
C T D Price1, G W Kaatz, J E Gustafson
1Department of Microbiology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA.
Abstract:
Growth of Staphylococcus aureus in the presence of salicylate leads to reduced ciprofloxacin and ethidium accumulation and increased resistance to ethidium. Salicylate induced reduction in ciprofloxacin accumulation is energy-independent while salicylate induced alterations in ethidium accumulation and efflux is proton motive force-dependent. NorA is an intrinsic multidrug efflux pump that contributes to intrinsic levels of fluoroquinolone and ethidium resistance in S. aureus. The NorA inhibitor reserpine did not dramatically affect the ability of salicylate to induce increased ciprofloxacin and ethidium resistance. Inactivation of norA did not alter the ability of salicylate to induce increased ciprofloxacin and ethidium resistance levels and a reduction in ciprofloxacin accumulation. These data demonstrate that NorA is not absolutely required for the salicylate-inducible multidrug resistance mechanism of S. aureus.
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