Persistent müllerian duct syndrome and prostate cancer

A localized Gleason score 6 (3 + 3) prostate cancer was found in a 56-year-old man with bilateral cryptorchidism. Radical laparoscopic prostatectomy was performed. However, at the beginning of the procedure, a uterus, two fallopian tubes, and two intra-abdominal gonads were endoscopically identified. The müllerian rests were excised and the gonads biopsied. The histologic examination showed testicular tissue. The association of prostate cancer and persistent müllerian duct syndrome to our knowledge has not previously been reported. Prostate cancer is an androgen-dependent neoplasm, and patients with male pseudohermaphroditism have poor androgen production that should provide protection against it.