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The Synapse

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Neurons communicate with one another by passing on their electrical signals to other neurons. A synapse is the location where two neurons meet to exchange signals. At the synapse, the neuron that sends the signal is called the presynaptic cell, while the neuron that receives the message is called the postsynaptic cell. Note that most neurons can be both presynaptic and postsynaptic, as they both transmit and receive information.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Rewiring Neuronal Circuits: A New Method for Fast Neurite Extension and Functional Neuronal Connection

Rewiring Neuronal Circuits: A New Method for Fast Neurite Extension and Functional Neuronal Connection

Published on: June 13, 2017

New insights into neuron-glia communication.

R Douglas Fields¹, Beth Stevens-Graham

¹Neurocytology and Physiology Section, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. fields@helix.nih.gov

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|October 19, 2002

Summary

Neurons and glia engage in vital two-way communication, crucial for nervous system function. Glia influence neuronal activity and coordinate brain networks through signaling molecules.

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cell Biology

Background:

Two-way communication between neurons and glia is fundamental for nervous system operations.
This interaction supports axonal conduction, synaptic transmission, and information processing throughout life.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the mechanisms and significance of neuron-glia communication.
To highlight the role of glia in modulating neuronal activity and network function.

Main Methods:

Analysis of signaling molecules exchanged between neurons and glia.
Investigation of glial communication pathways, including calcium waves and chemical diffusion.

Main Results:

Identified various signals (ion fluxes, neurotransmitters, adhesion molecules) mediating neuron-glia interaction.

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Demonstrated glial communication via intracellular calcium waves and intercellular messengers.

Showcased glia's ability to influence neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission.

Conclusions:

Neuron-glia communication is essential for nervous system development and function.
Glia actively modulate neuronal activity and potentially coordinate neural networks.
Understanding these interactions is key to comprehending brain function.