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Drinking water and cardiovascular disease.

M P Sauvant1, D Pepin

  • 1Laboratoire Hydrologie, Environnement et Santé Publique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Clermont-Ferrand, France. m-pierre.sauvant@u-clermont1.fr

Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association
|October 22, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality may be linked to drinking water (DW) hardness. This review examines decades of research on DW contaminants and magnesium

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental epidemiology
  • Public health
  • Cardiovascular research

Background:

  • Numerous epidemiological studies since 1957 suggest a link between cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and drinking water (DW) hardness.
  • This association has been observed globally in general populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and analyze key ecological, case-control, and cohort studies published between 1960 and 2000.
  • To examine the interpretation challenges of findings in environmental epidemiology.
  • To explore the role of specific inorganic elements and magnesium in DW concerning CVD.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of published epidemiological studies (ecological, case-control, cohort).
  • Analysis of studies focusing on drinking water contaminants (e.g., Arsenic, Lead) and magnesium content.

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  • Evaluation of the cardioprotective effects of magnesium in drinking water.

    • Main Results:

    • Consistent suggestions of a link between DW hardness and CVD mortality across various study designs.
    • Identification of inorganic contaminants and magnesium as potential factors influencing this association.
    • Highlighting the complexity in interpreting environmental epidemiology findings.

    Conclusions:

    • The relationship between drinking water characteristics and cardiovascular health is complex.
    • Further large-scale intervention studies are necessary for definitive conclusions.
    • Understanding environmental influences on public health requires rigorous, controlled research.