[Periodic fever]

Area of Science:

• Medicine
• Genetics
• Immunology

Background:

• Periodic fever involves recurrent episodes of fever, often difficult to differentiate from infections, malignancies, or connective tissue diseases.
• These conditions are uncommon but present diagnostic challenges in clinical practice.
• A comprehensive understanding requires consolidating dispersed literature on these varied presentations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and categorize diverse periodic fever syndromes.
• To provide a consolidated perspective on both hereditary and non-hereditary forms.
• To highlight diagnostic challenges and recent advancements in understanding genetic bases.

Main Methods:

• Literature review and classification of periodic fever syndromes.
• Categorization into hereditary and non-hereditary groups based on existing studies.
• Synthesis of clinical and genetic information from dispersed literature.

Main Results:

• Periodic fever syndromes were classified into two main categories: hereditary and non-hereditary.
• Hereditary examples include familial Mediterranean fever, hyper-IgD syndrome, and others.
• Non-hereditary examples include PFAPA syndrome, cyclic neutropenia, and others.

Conclusions:

• Accurate diagnosis of periodic fever syndromes is crucial and can be challenging.
• Advances in molecular and genetic knowledge of hereditary forms aid diagnosis and treatment.
• This review consolidates information to offer a detailed perspective on these conditions.