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Glial Cells

Glial Cells

Neurulation

Neurulation

Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...

Nervous Tissue: Glial Cells

Nervous Tissue: Glial Cells

Glia, or neuroglia, are vital support cells that assist neurons in their functions. The term "glia" originates from the Greek word for "glue," reflecting their role in holding the nervous system together. These cells can be categorized into six types: four in the central nervous system (CNS) and two in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
The CNS glial cell includes the astrocytes, the oligodendrocytes, the microglia, and the ependymal cells.
Astrocytes are star-shaped glial...

Nervous Tissue: Myelin

Nervous Tissue: Myelin

The myelin sheath is a multilayered lipid and protein covering that insulates the axon of a neuron, enhancing the speed of nerve impulse conduction. Axons without this sheath are referred to as unmyelinated. Two types of neuroglia, Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) are responsible for producing myelin sheaths.
Schwann cells begin to form myelin sheaths around axons during fetal development. They wrap around a small...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Isolation of Enteric Glial Cells from the Submucosa and Lamina Propria of the Adult Mouse

Isolation of Enteric Glial Cells from the Submucosa and Lamina Propria of the Adult Mouse

Published on: August 15, 2018

How the lateral line gets its glia.

Chi-Bin Chien¹, Tatjana Piotrowski

¹Dept of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah Medical Center, 20 North 1900 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA. chi-bin.chien@hsc.utah.edu

Trends in Neurosciences

|October 24, 2002

Summary

Glial cells precisely track along zebrafish axons during development. While axons guide glia migration, glia later ensure proper axonal organization and maintenance.

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Biology
Cell Biology

Background:

Precise matching of neuron and glial cell numbers and positions is crucial during development.
Understanding glial-neuron interactions is key to neural development and function.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the dynamic relationship between migrating glia and axons in the zebrafish lateral line nerve.
To determine the directional dependence of glial migration and the role of glia in axonal maintenance.

Main Methods:

Utilized two-color time-lapse imaging in zebrafish embryos.
Employed combined genetic and embryonic perturbations to analyze cell-cell interactions.

Main Results:

Observed that migrating glial cells closely and precisely follow axonal pathways.

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Application of MultiColor FlpOut Technique to Study High Resolution Single Cell Morphologies and Cell Interactions of Glia in Drosophila

Application of MultiColor FlpOut Technique to Study High Resolution Single Cell Morphologies and Cell Interactions of Glia in Drosophila

Published on: October 20, 2017

Organotypic Slice Cultures to Study Oligodendrocyte Dynamics and Myelination

Organotypic Slice Cultures to Study Oligodendrocyte Dynamics and Myelination

Published on: August 25, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Isolation of Enteric Glial Cells from the Submucosa and Lamina Propria of the Adult Mouse

Isolation of Enteric Glial Cells from the Submucosa and Lamina Propria of the Adult Mouse

Published on: August 15, 2018

Application of MultiColor FlpOut Technique to Study High Resolution Single Cell Morphologies and Cell Interactions of Glia in Drosophila

Application of MultiColor FlpOut Technique to Study High Resolution Single Cell Morphologies and Cell Interactions of Glia in Drosophila

Published on: October 20, 2017

Organotypic Slice Cultures to Study Oligodendrocyte Dynamics and Myelination

Organotypic Slice Cultures to Study Oligodendrocyte Dynamics and Myelination

Published on: August 25, 2014

Demonstrated that glial cell migration is dependent on the presence of axons.

Found that axons do not require glia for their migration.

Showed that glial cells are essential for the later maintenance of axonal fasciculation.

Conclusions:

Glial migration is guided by axons in the zebrafish lateral line nerve.
Glia play a critical role in ensuring the proper fasciculation and maintenance of axons post-migration.