New insights into the diagnosis and pharmacologic management of generalized anxiety disorder

The omnipresent worry and anxiety that are characteristic of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) significantly reduce social and occupational functioning. Yet many clinical investigations of GAD fail to evaluate treatment-related changes in function. As a consequence, many patients who respond to pharmacologic treatment (defined as having a > or = 50% reduction in symptoms) still exhibit subsyndromal symptoms that predispose to relapse. This is particularly true for patients with GAD who have comorbid psychiatric or medical conditions. In recent years, the goal of treatment for anxiety disorders has been set toward the achievement of full remission--that is, a virtually asymptomatic state. Remission indicates an improvement not only of symptoms but also of functionality. Benzodiazepines, azapirones, and antidepressants are the three main classes of agents currently used in the treatment of GAD. Some antidepressants have been shown to better facilitate remission. This article will summarize evidence for the clinical utility of pharmacotherapeutic agents commonly used in the treatment of GAD.