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Related Concept Videos

Modern Molecular Taxonomy01:29

Modern Molecular Taxonomy

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Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized the identification and characterization of bacteria, with multiple methods leveraging DNA sequencing for enhanced precision. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, these approaches are increasingly used in clinical, environmental, and evolutionary studies.Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) examines several housekeeping genes, essential chromosomal genes encoding cellular functions, to distinguish strains. Approximately...
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Sputum Studies I: Gram Stain, cytology, and Acid-fast smear and culture01:26

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Sputum studies are a critical part of diagnosing and treating numerous respiratory conditions. These studies involve obtaining sputum samples for analysis to identify pathogenic organisms and assess the presence of abnormal cells indicative of malignant conditions. This lesson will delve into three fundamental sputum studies: Gram Stain, Cytology, and Acid-fast Smear and Culture.
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Sputum Studies II: Culture and Sensitivity01:20

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Sputum culture and sensitivity is a medical procedure used to diagnose bacterial infections in the respiratory tract and select the most appropriate antibiotics for treatment. This process involves analyzing sputum samples of thick and opaque secretions produced in the lungs and airways. These samples are collected from patients and then sent to the laboratory for analysis.
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Updated: Dec 21, 2025

Matrix-based DNA Extraction for Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing on Decontaminated Sputum Samples
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Sputum induction problems identified through genetic fingerprinting.

Beth Nivin1, Tholief O'Flaherty, Eric Leibert

  • 1New York City Department of Health, Tuberculosis Control Program, New York 10013, USA.

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology
|October 29, 2002
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A break in the sputum induction protocol, possibly due to inadequate training and nebulizer reuse, may have caused Mycobacterium tuberculosis contamination in patient specimens. Further investigation identified a unique strain linked to Clinic A.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • A cluster of eight positive Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from a single laboratory session prompted an investigation into potential contamination sources.
  • Ensuring the integrity of diagnostic specimens is critical for accurate tuberculosis diagnosis and patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the source of contamination in a cluster of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates.
  • To evaluate laboratory and sputum induction protocols for potential breaches.

Main Methods:

  • Spoligotyping was used to analyze M. tuberculosis isolates.
  • Review of laboratory protocols, sputum induction procedures, and records.
  • Interviews with sputum induction staff and environmental assessment of the sputum induction booth.

Main Results:

  • Spoligotyping revealed a unique M. tuberculosis strain in five specimens from Clinic A, suggesting a common source.
  • No procedural lapses were found in the laboratory investigation.
  • A review of sputum induction protocols identified ambiguity in nebulizer care, potentially leading to reuse of contaminated solutions from a patient with prior tuberculosis.

Conclusions:

  • A breach in the sputum induction protocol, specifically concerning nebulizer cleaning and reuse, is a likely cause of specimen contamination.
  • Adequate staff training, supervision, and clear patient preparation protocols are essential for complex procedures like sputum induction.
  • Spoligotyping was instrumental in identifying the potential source of M. tuberculosis contamination.