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Ephedrine reduces the pain from propofol injection
Mi A Cheong1, Kyo Sang Kim, Won J Choi
1Department of Anesthesiology, Hanyang University Hospital, #17 Haengdang dong, Sungdong gu, Seoul 133 792, Korea.
Anesthesia and Analgesia
|October 29, 2002
Summary
Small doses of ephedrine effectively reduce propofol-induced pain during anesthesia induction. This pretreatment offers a favorable alternative to lidocaine, minimizing pain intensity and hemodynamic changes.
Area of Science:
- Anesthesiology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Propofol is a common intravenous anesthetic agent.
- Propofol administration can cause pain upon injection into peripheral veins.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the efficacy of different ephedrine doses versus lidocaine in reducing propofol-induced pain.
- To evaluate the impact of ephedrine pretreatment on hemodynamic stability during anesthesia induction.
Main Methods:
- 176 patients undergoing elective surgery were randomized into groups receiving saline, lidocaine, or varying doses of ephedrine (30-150 microg/kg) before propofol administration.
- Pain incidence and intensity were assessed using verbal rating and facial pain scales.
- Hemodynamic parameters, including arterial blood pressure, were monitored before and after tracheal intubation.
Main Results:
- Both lidocaine and ephedrine groups showed significantly less pain incidence and intensity compared to the placebo group (P < 0.01).
- Lower doses of ephedrine (30 and 70 microg/kg) reduced propofol-induced pain with less arterial blood pressure decrease than lidocaine.
- Higher ephedrine doses (110 and 150 microg/kg) led to increased hemodynamics post-intubation (P < 0.05).
Conclusions:
- Pretreatment with low-dose ephedrine (30 and 70 microg/kg) is effective in mitigating propofol-induced pain.
- Ephedrine offers a viable alternative to lidocaine for reducing injection pain, with favorable hemodynamic effects.