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Cortisol, DHEA, performance and training in elite swimmers.

J-C Chatard1, D Atlaoui, G Lac

  • 1Laboratoire de Physiologie, GIP Exercice, Faculté de Médecine Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France. chatard@univ-st-etienne.fr

International Journal of Sports Medicine
|October 29, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Salivary cortisol (C) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) do not predict elite swimming performance. However, cortisol levels correlate with training volume, and DHEA may indicate stress in male swimmers undergoing dry-land training.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Endocrinology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Elite athletic performance relies on optimizing training and recovery.
  • Hormonal markers like cortisol (C) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) are sensitive to training stress.
  • Understanding these hormonal responses can aid in monitoring athlete well-being and performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between salivary cortisol (C) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and swimming performance in elite swimmers.
  • To explore the association of these hormones with training load, including cumulative distance and dry-land training.
  • To determine if C and DHEA can serve as predictors of performance or indicators of training stress.

Main Methods:

  • Salivary cortisol (C) and DHEA concentrations were measured in 9 elite swimmers (4 female, 5 male) over 37 weeks.

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  • Hormone samples were collected before 68 competitions.
  • Training data, including cumulative distance swum and dry-land training, were recorded.

    • Main Results:

    • No significant relationship was found between C, DHEA, and overall swimming performance for either sex.
    • For the group, C was negatively correlated with training duration but positively correlated with cumulative distance swum.
    • Individual analysis indicated C as a marker for dry-land training stress in female swimmers, while DHEA indicated stress in male swimmers.

    Conclusions:

    • Salivary cortisol and DHEA are not reliable predictors of elite swimming performance.
    • Cortisol levels increase with higher training volume (cumulative distance).
    • Cortisol and DHEA can serve as useful, sex-specific indicators of dry-land training stress in swimmers.