[Lasers in dentistry 7. The use of 3D imaging in dentistry]

Optical surface scanning accurately records the 3D nature of the face non-invasively and quantitatively. Programmes to analyse the data now enable the clinician to compare the changes in the face as the result of growth or of treatment and also to average groups of patients to provide an assessment of treatment. An average face has been obtained from groups of patients each year from 5 to 18 years. Growth of an individual can be compared with the norm for that age to determine which areas of the face show abnormal growth. Prediction of facial form for forensic and surgical purposes is possible. Programmes have been developed that analyse shape and curvature of areas of the facial surface. Such an analysis can be used to determine the changes in the facial surface as the result of growth, treatment, or drug therapy and to study genetic effects.