Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Videos

Hydrate formation during wet granulation studied by spectroscopic methods and multivariate analysis.

Anna Jørgensen1, Jukka Rantanen, Milja Karjalainen

  • 1Department of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland.

Pharmaceutical Research
|October 31, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Near-infrared (NIR) and Raman spectroscopy effectively monitored drug hydrate formation during wet granulation. NIR excels at tracking solid-water interactions, while Raman provides insights into the drug molecule itself.

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Resolving drug release mechanisms of amorphous solid dispersions using optical coherence tomography.

Journal of pharmaceutical sciences·2026
Same author

Viva la pharmacie - Spotlight on pharmaceutical manufacturing science.

European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences·2026
Same author

Multimodal assessment of sedimentation and flocculation in spray-dried injectable peptide suspensions.

International journal of pharmaceutics·2026
Same author

Empowering the pharmaceutical workforce for the digital future.

European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences·2026
Same author

Effect of amino acids on the compaction behavior and stability of spray-dried trypsin/lactose powder.

European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences·2025
Same author

In-line monitoring of tablet compression with terahertz time-domain spectroscopy for physical tablet characteristics.

International journal of pharmaceutics·2025

Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Process Analytical Technology (PAT)
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Controlling hydrate formation is crucial in pharmaceutical manufacturing.
  • Spectroscopic methods offer non-destructive real-time monitoring capabilities.
  • Understanding solid-state transformations during granulation is key for drug product quality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) Raman and Near-Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for monitoring drug hydrate formation.
  • To evaluate spectroscopic methods for tracking hydrate formation during wet granulation of theophylline and caffeine.
  • To assess the suitability of NIR spectroscopy for at-line process analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Anhydrous theophylline and caffeine were granulated with purified water.

Related Experiment Videos

  • CCD Raman and NIR spectroscopy were employed for off-line monitoring of hydrate formation.
  • NIR spectroscopy coupled with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used for at-line process monitoring.
  • X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD) was used for verification.

    • Main Results:

    • Both CCD Raman and NIR spectroscopy successfully followed hydrate formation of theophylline and caffeine.
    • Spectroscopic results were consistent, with NIR indicating water state and Raman providing drug-specific information.
    • XRPD confirmed the spectroscopic findings.
    • PCA explained 99.9% of spectral variation in NIR data.

    Conclusions:

    • CCD Raman and NIR spectroscopy are viable methods for monitoring drug hydrate formation.
    • NIR spectroscopy is particularly well-suited for monitoring solid-water interactions during granulation.
    • These spectroscopic techniques support Process Analytical Technology (PAT) implementation.