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Related Experiment Videos

Cognitive functioning in children with sickle cell disease: a meta-analysis.

Jeffrey Schatz1, Robert L Finke, Julie M Kellett

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA. schatz@sc.edu

Journal of Pediatric Psychology
|October 31, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is linked to cognitive impairments in children, even without brain damage. Specific cognitive tests reveal these effects more clearly than general IQ scores.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic blood disorder with potential systemic complications.
  • Cognitive deficits in children with SCD are a growing concern, particularly in the absence of overt neurological damage like cerebral infarction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if sickle cell disease (SCD) impacts cognitive functioning in children without cerebral infarction.
  • To quantify the cognitive differences between children with SCD and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • A meta-analysis was performed on existing studies examining cognition in children with SCD.
  • Methodological quality of studies was assessed to evaluate its influence on observed group differences.

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Main Results:

  • Children with SCD exhibited small but statistically significant decrements in cognitive functioning, with an average IQ difference of 4.3 points.
  • More rigorous studies confirmed these findings, though sampling issues affected IQ effect sizes.
  • Specific cognitive ability measures were more sensitive in detecting cognitive decrements in SCD than general IQ scores.

Conclusions:

  • Sickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with cognitive impairments, irrespective of cerebral infarction.
  • Potential causes include direct neurological effects of SCD or indirect consequences of chronic illness.