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Related Experiment Videos

Functional magnetic resonance imaging reflects changes in brain functioning with sedation.

Victoria N Starbuck1, Gary G Kay, R. Craig Platenberg

  • 1Division of Neuropsychology, Department of Neurology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA.

Human Psychopharmacology
|October 31, 2002
PubMed
Summary
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Sleepiness increases frontal brain activation during cognitive tasks, preventing the usual reduction with practice. Sedated brains show higher oxygen use, losing efficiency benefits from familiarity.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) reveals brain activation patterns during cognitive tasks.
  • Task complexity increases brain activation, while task familiarity decreases it.
  • The impact of sleepiness on this activation-familiarity relationship is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how sleepiness affects the relationship between brain activation and task familiarity.
  • To determine if sleepiness interferes with the efficiency gains typically seen with cognitive task practice.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-nine participants underwent fMRI while performing the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT).
  • Sleepiness was assessed using the Stanford Sleepiness Scale.

Related Experiment Videos

  • In a second phase, sleepiness was induced using chlorpheniramine (CP) and terfenadine, with fMRI and Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) performed.

    • Main Results:

    • A positive correlation was found between self-rated sleepiness and frontal brain activation.
    • CP administration significantly increased fMRI activation proportionally to the dose.
    • Placebo groups showed reduced brain activation, while CP groups exhibited significant daytime sleepiness via MSLT.

    Conclusions:

    • Sleepiness impairs cognitive functioning efficiency.
    • Sedated brains exhibit increased oxygen utilization during familiar tasks, negating practice benefits.
    • Prior task exposure benefits are lost under conditions of sedation.