[Cephalic mycetoma, caused by Streptomyces somaliensis, involving the cranial cavity]

A case of cephalic mycetoma caused by Streptomyces somaliensis which has involved the orbit and craneal cavity with exoftalmus and symptoms of irritation and brain compression is reported. The patient has improved with a medical treatment (sulfomethoxazol-trimetoprim) associated with a descompressive craniectomy. The authors comment the geographic distribution of the agents of mycetoma especially of S. somaliensis very rare specie in America. Only 10 proved cases of Mycetoma caused by this Actinomycete have been found in Mexico. Our patient came from the state of Chihuahua, in the north of Mexico and is the second case from this state and the most septentrional (parallel 32 degrees) in the American continent.