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Antimicrobial resistance in Canada.

John Conly1

  • 1Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Calgary, Alta. jconly@ucalgary.ca

CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association Journal = Journal De L'Association Medicale Canadienne
|October 31, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Antibiotic resistance is a growing global threat, with rising rates of resistant bacteria like MRSA and VRE in Canada. Declining antimicrobial prescriptions suggest interventions may be working, but continued efforts are crucial.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Antibiotic resistance poses a significant threat to global health.
  • Canada is experiencing an increase in antibiotic-resistant pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE).
  • Nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae prevalence was 12% in Canada in 2000.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze trends in antibiotic resistance and antimicrobial prescribing in Canada.
  • To evaluate the potential impact of interventions aimed at reducing antimicrobial use.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program (CISIP).
  • Examination of antimicrobial prescription data from 1995 to 2000.
  • Assessment of changes in the incidence of specific resistant bacterial strains.

Main Results:

  • MRSA incidence increased from 1% to 8% between 1995 and 2000.
  • Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus has been documented nationwide.
  • Total antimicrobial prescriptions decreased by 11%, with a 21% decrease in beta-lactam prescriptions from 1995 to 2000.

Conclusions:

  • Systematic efforts to reduce unnecessary outpatient antimicrobial prescribing, initiated after a 1997 consensus conference, appear to be impacting resistance trends.
  • Continued national, provincial, and regional efforts are necessary to combat rising antibiotic resistance.

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