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Performance and physiologic adaptations to resistance training.

Michael R Deschenes1, William J Kraemer

  • 1Department of Kinesiology, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, USA.

American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
|November 1, 2002
PubMed
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Resistance training significantly improves neuromuscular function, strength, and endurance. It offers substantial health benefits, including improved bone density and insulin sensitivity, particularly for older adults.

Area of Science:

  • Neuromuscular Physiology
  • Exercise Science
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Weight lifting, or resistance training, is a potent stimulus for neuromuscular adaptation.
  • It can enhance strength, power, and local muscular endurance based on program design.
  • Physiologic adaptations from prolonged resistance training drive performance improvements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the functional and physiologic adaptations to resistance training.
  • To investigate the impact of sex and age on these adaptations.
  • To highlight the health benefits of resistance training, especially for the elderly.

Main Methods:

  • Individualized resistance training program design.
  • Analysis of functional and physiologic adaptations.

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  • Consideration of program variables: frequency, duration, intensity, volume, and rest intervals.

    • Main Results:

    • Resistance training elicits impressive functional and physiologic adaptations in women and the aged, comparable to young men in relative terms.
    • Absolute magnitude of adaptation shows sex and age differences.
    • Regular resistance exercise effectively manages bone density, insulin sensitivity, and obesity-related co-morbidities.

    Conclusions:

    • Optimal resistance training programs are individualized for specific goals.
    • Both functional and health benefits are significant, with notable advantages for the elderly.
    • The extent of benefits depends on initial status and program specifics.