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Neural adaptations with chronic activity patterns in able-bodied humans.

Jacques Duchateau1, Roger M Enoka

  • 1Laboratory of Biology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium.

American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
|November 1, 2002
PubMed
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Motor control·2026

This review examines neural adaptations from physical activity changes. Strength training and reduced limb use induce widespread nervous system changes, but these adaptations are not always opposite.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • Chronic alterations in physical activity significantly impact the nervous system.
  • Understanding neural adaptations is crucial for rehabilitation and performance optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review neural adaptations in able-bodied humans due to changes in chronic physical activity patterns.
  • To categorize these adaptations across various neural components.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on strength training, limb immobilization, and limb unloading.
  • Analysis of adaptations in cortical maps, motor command, descending drive, muscle activation, motor units, and sensory feedback.

Main Results:

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  • Adaptations are widely distributed throughout the nervous system.
  • Neural changes from strength training are not always the inverse of those from reduced-use protocols.

    • Conclusions:

    • Physical activity level profoundly influences neural organization and function.
    • Distinct neural adaptation profiles exist for increased versus decreased physical activity.