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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 20, 2026

Quantitative Imaging of Lineage-specific Toll-like Receptor-mediated Signaling in Monocytes and Dendritic Cells from Small Samples of Human Blood
07:58

Quantitative Imaging of Lineage-specific Toll-like Receptor-mediated Signaling in Monocytes and Dendritic Cells from Small Samples of Human Blood

Published on: April 16, 2012

Circulating, interferon-producing plasmacytoid dendritic cells decline during human ageing.

M Shodell1, F P Siegal

  • 1Section of HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Saint Vincents Catholic Medical Center, New York, NY 1001, USA.

Scandinavian Journal of Immunology
|November 2, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Immune function declines with age, marked by fewer circulating plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and reduced interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) production in healthy adults.

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Assessing the Innate Sensing of HIV-1 Infected CD4+ T Cells by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Using an Ex vivo Co-culture System.
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Assessing the Innate Sensing of HIV-1 Infected CD4+ T Cells by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Using an Ex vivo Co-culture System.
08:11

Assessing the Innate Sensing of HIV-1 Infected CD4+ T Cells by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Using an Ex vivo Co-culture System.

Published on: September 1, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gerontology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Infections increase in the elderly, suggesting immune decline.
  • Dendritic cells (DCs) are key antigen-presenting cells crucial for immune responses.
  • Plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) produce interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) and are vital for microbial defense.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate changes in circulating pDCs and their function during human aging.
  • To determine if pDC numbers and IFN-alpha production decrease with age.

Main Methods:

  • Flow cytometry was used to quantify circulating pDCs in different age groups.
  • IFN-alpha generation assays were performed to assess pDC function.
  • Peripheral blood samples from healthy adults aged 18-91 years were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Circulating pDC counts significantly decreased with age, from 7.8/mm³ (18-39 years) to 4.2/mm³ (60-91 years).
  • IFN-alpha generation capacity also declined significantly with age, from 3537 IU/ml to 1201 IU/ml.
  • A slight decrease in IFN-alpha produced per pDC was observed with increasing age.

Conclusions:

  • Healthy aging is associated with a reduction in circulating pDCs and their functional capacity.
  • Declining pDC numbers and IFN-alpha production may contribute to increased infection susceptibility in the elderly.
  • Age-related changes in pDCs warrant further investigation for immune health interventions.