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[A population-based case-control study on the risk factors of urinary calculi]
Shunxiang Zhang1, Liangcheng Li, Ying Jiang
1Shenzhen Sanitary and Anti-epidemic Station, Shenzhen 518020, China.
Objective:
To determine the risk factors of urinary calculi in Shenzhen for proper interventions.
Methods:
A population-based case-control study including 334 urinary calculi cases and 721 controls was carried out. A total number of 34 factors were analyzed using unconditional logistic regression.
Results:
Seventeen factors were associated with urolithiasis based on the logistic regression analysis. Ten factors entered the last model of the logistic multivariate regression. The more protein consumption (OR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.71 - 2.69), positive history of first relatives with urolithiasis (OR = 2.61, 95% CI: 1.70 - 4.01), longer outdoor exposure (OR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.16 - 1.66) and chronic inflammation of urinary system (OR = 4.09, 95% CI: 1.38 - 12.14) were risk factors of urinary calculi. Higher education background (OR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.29 - 0.73), drinking more water (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.48 - 0.72), drinking more juice (OR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.18 - 0.94), more milk and milk product consumption (OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.68 - 0.99), vegetable (OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.55 - 0.91) and fruit consumption (OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.64 - 0.94) were protective factors of urolithiasis.
Conclusion:
Dietary habits were the major influencing factors of urinary calculi. Positive history of family with urolithiasis and social-economic factors were also associated with the disease.