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Related Concept Videos

Dimensions of Health and Illness01:21

Dimensions of Health and Illness

The factors influencing the health-illness continuum can be internal or external and may or may not be under conscious control. They are related to the following eight human dimensions, and each dimension is interrelated to one other.
Factors Affecting Illness01:18

Factors Affecting Illness

When a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social development or spiritual functioning is compromised, this deviation from a healthy normal state is called illness. Illness creates stress that in turn harms individuals. Irritation, anger, denial, hopelessness, and fear are behavioral and emotional changes an individual experiences in the phases of illness. A variety of factors influence a person's health and well-being.
For instance, risk factors are connected to illness, disability,...
Classification of Illness01:17

Classification of Illness

The meaning of illness is individualized to each person who experiences an alteration in health. In contrast, disease is a medical term indicating a pathological change in the structure and function of the body or mind. It is a condition that has specific symptoms and boundaries.
An illness is a response to a disease in which the person's level of functioning is changed compared with a previous level. The general classification of illness includes acute and chronic.
Acute illness is severe and...
Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention II01:18

Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention II

The person's health status fluctuates continually, varying from being in good health to becoming ill and returning to being healthy. To understand the concept of illness prevention, there are two models. First, the health-illness continuum model is a graphic representation of an individual's wellness. It states that a person is considered healthy in the absence of physical disease and the presence of good emotional health.
The agent-host-environment model states that disease results from...
Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - II01:28

Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - II

The Bradford Hill criteria serve as guidelines for establishing causative links in epidemiological research. Beyond Strength, Consistency, Specificity, and Temporality, key criteria also include Biological Gradient, Plausibility, Coherence, Experiment, and Analogy. These principles assist scientists in assessing the likelihood of causation in complex biological contexts. Below is a summary of these concepts:
Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - I01:30

Criteria for Causality: Bradford Hill Criteria - I

The Bradford Hill criteria are a group of principles that provide a framework to determine a causal relationship between a specific factor and a disease. There are nine criteria that are pivotal in assessing causality in epidemiological studies. Here's a closer look at Strength, Consistency, Specificity, and Temporality criteria with definitions and examples:

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Related Experiment Videos

Relations between offending, injury and illness.

Jonathan Shepherd1, David Farrington, John Potts

  • 1Violence Research Group, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XY, Wales, UK. shepherdjp@cardiff.ac.uk

Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
|November 2, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Injuries in males are linked to antisocial behavior and adult convictions, not predicting them independently. Health and offending are intertwined, with childhood factors being key predictors.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Criminology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Understanding the relationship between health and offending is crucial for targeted interventions.
  • Previous research suggests a complex interplay between physical health, mental health, and criminal behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the bidirectional relationship between offending and health outcomes.
  • To determine if illness and injury predict offending, or vice versa.
  • To examine if these relationships persist after accounting for childhood predictors of offending.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development, a prospective longitudinal survey.
  • Examined information on injuries and illnesses (ages 16-18) against offending and antisocial behavior.
  • Assessed childhood predictors of offending including behavior, IQ, parental history, and socioeconomic factors.

Main Results:

  • Males experiencing injuries, particularly assaults, showed higher rates of convictions, violence, and general antisocial behavior.
  • Respiratory tract illnesses were negatively associated with convictions and general antisocial behavior.
  • Childhood factors such as troublesome behavior, hyperactivity, low IQ, parental convictions, family disruption, and poverty predicted adult convictions.
  • Assault injuries and respiratory illnesses did not independently predict adult convictions when childhood factors were controlled.

Conclusions:

  • Injury is viewed as a symptom of an antisocial personality originating in childhood and continuing into adulthood.
  • Interventions aimed at reducing offending are likely to concurrently reduce injuries.
  • The negative association between antisocial behaviors and respiratory tract illness warrants further investigation.