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Brucellosis in Central America.

Edgardo Moreno¹

¹Tropical Disease Research Program, Veterinary School, National University, Apartado 304-3000, Heredia, Costa Rica. emoreno@ns.medvet.una.ac.cr

Veterinary Microbiology

|November 5, 2002

Summary

Brucellosis remains a significant threat to animal and human health in Central America. Unrestricted adult vaccination with S19 offers a viable strategy to control brucellosis where new vaccines are unaffordable.

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Medicine
Zoonotic Diseases
Epidemiology

Context:

Brucellosis affects domestic animals and humans across Central America.
Bovine brucellosis (Brucella abortus) and swine brucellosis (Brucella suis) are endemic in all Central American countries.
Ovine and caprine brucellosis (Brucella melitensis) are present in Guatemala.

Purpose:

To evaluate the effectiveness of current brucellosis control programs in Central America.
To propose an alternative vaccination strategy for brucellosis in a resource-limited region.

Summary:

Bovine brucellosis prevalence ranges from 4-8%, particularly in dairy herds, causing an estimated annual loss of 25 million US dollars.
Existing control programs utilizing calf vaccination and reactor removal have shown limited success.
Unrestricted adult vaccination via the conjunctival route with the S19 vaccine is recommended as a cost-effective alternative.

Impact:

The proposed vaccination strategy aims to reduce bacterial prevalence and density, enabling future serological identification and elimination of infected animals.
This approach is expected to improve brucellosis control in Central America, mitigating economic losses and protecting public health.

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