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Brucellosis vaccines: past, present and future.

Gerhardt G Schurig1, Nammalwar Sriranganathan, Michael J Corbel

  • 1Center for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.

Veterinary Microbiology
|November 5, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Brucella vaccines have evolved from live attenuated strains causing diagnostic interference to safer, more effective options like Brucella abortus RB51. Ongoing research aims for improved Brucella melitensis and Brucella suis vaccines.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary immunology
  • Microbial pathogenesis
  • Vaccine development

Background:

  • Traditional Brucella vaccines like Brucella abortus strain 19 and Brucella melitensis Rev.1 offer protection but cause persistent serological responses, complicating disease diagnosis.
  • Killed virulent Brucella strains with adjuvants provide protection but also induce interfering antibodies. Live rough strains like Brucella abortus 45/20 showed potential but reverted to virulence.
  • The Brucella abortus RB51 strain, a rifampicin-resistant mutant, emerged as a safer and effective vaccine for bovine brucellosis with minimal diagnostic interference.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical development and limitations of Brucella vaccines.
  • To highlight the advantages of the Brucella abortus RB51 strain in bovine brucellosis control.
  • To discuss ongoing research into novel Brucella vaccine candidates.

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Main Methods:

  • Review of historical Brucella vaccine development and efficacy studies.
  • Evaluation of serological responses and diagnostic interference associated with different vaccine types.
  • Assessment of field safety and effectiveness of Brucella abortus RB51 in bovine brucellosis.

Main Results:

  • Live attenuated Brucella vaccines (S19, Rev.1) induce protection but cause serological interference.
  • Killed cell and rough strain vaccines showed variable success and safety concerns.
  • Brucella abortus RB51 demonstrated safety and efficacy in bovine brucellosis with negligible diagnostic interference.

Conclusions:

  • Brucella abortus RB51 represents a significant advancement in bovine brucellosis vaccination, overcoming limitations of previous vaccines.
  • Further development of defined rough mutant strains is needed for effective Brucella melitensis and Brucella suis vaccination.
  • Cell-free, recombinant protein, and DNA vaccines show limited success, requiring further research for Brucella control.