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Related Experiment Videos

Common variable immunodeficiency in a horse.

M Julia B F Flaminio1, Veronique LaCombe, Catherine W Kohn

  • 1Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
|November 7, 2002
PubMed
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A Quarter Horse mare with chronic illness was diagnosed with common variable immunodeficiency. This rare immune disorder in horses is characterized by a severe lack of antibodies, impacting B cell function.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Immunology
  • Equine Medicine
  • Immunodeficiency Disorders

Background:

  • A 12-year-old Quarter Horse mare presented with chronic respiratory and hepatobiliary diseases, unresponsive to medical treatment.
  • Evaluation focused on identifying underlying immune system dysfunction contributing to the persistent health issues.

Observation:

  • Serum immunoglobulin analysis revealed trace to undetectable levels of IgG, IgG(T), IgM, and IgA.
  • Serum protein electrophoresis confirmed agammaglobulinemia, and tetanus toxoid vaccination failed to elicit specific antibody production.
  • Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry demonstrated a severe deficiency of B lymphocytes in blood, bone marrow, and spleen.

Findings:

  • The horse exhibited profound B cell deficiency and agammaglobulinemia, indicating a failure in humoral immunity.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Lymphocyte proliferation assays showed impaired responses to mitogenic and specific B cell stimuli.
  • The clinical presentation and comprehensive immunologic testing strongly suggested common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) in this equine case.

    • Implications:

    • This case highlights the importance of thorough immunologic evaluation in horses with chronic, treatment-refractory diseases.
    • Diagnosing CVID in horses can guide management strategies and prognosis, although it remains a rare condition.
    • Further research into equine immunodeficiencies can improve understanding and diagnostic approaches for similar cases.