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Related Concept Videos

Hormonal Regulation01:40

Hormonal Regulation

Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.
Hormonal Regulation01:33

Hormonal Regulation

The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Hormonal Regulation of Blood Pressure01:17

Hormonal Regulation of Blood Pressure

Endocrinal or hormonal intervention in the cardiovascular system is predominantly exerted by the catecholamines - epinephrine and norepinephrine, as well as a slew of hormones that interact with renal function to modulate blood volume.
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
The adrenal medulla releases epinephrine and norepinephrine, catecholamines that enhance and extend the sympathetic or "fight or flight" physiological response. These hormones escalate heart rate and the force of contraction while...
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH release.
Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Ovariectomy and 17β-estradiol Replacement in Rats and Mice: A Visual Demonstration
06:51

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Published on: June 7, 2012

[Hormonal replacement therapy summer 2002--much ado about what?].

M Fisher, B Rager, B Kaplan

    Harefuah
    |November 8, 2002
    PubMed
    Summary

    Hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) offers women health benefits but carries risks like breast cancer and cardiovascular disease. Recent studies highlight the ongoing debate surrounding HRT

    Area of Science:

    • Women's Health
    • Endocrinology
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) has been widely used for years, supported by studies showing significant benefits for women's health.
    • Initial research emphasized the positive impacts of HRT, leading to its widespread adoption.

    Discussion:

    • Recent large-scale trials, such as the Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS) and the Women's Health Initiative (WHI), have introduced new evidence.
    • These studies present a more nuanced view, detailing both the advantages and disadvantages of HRT.
    • Key concerns include the potential increased risk of breast cancer and cardiovascular disease associated with HRT.

    Key Insights:

    • The established benefits of HRT must be weighed against newly identified risks.

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    Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies
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    Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

    Ovariectomy and 17β-estradiol Replacement in Rats and Mice: A Visual Demonstration
    06:51

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    Published on: June 7, 2012

    An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
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    An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

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    Published on: January 10, 2025

  • The HERS and WHI trials provide critical data for understanding the complex risk-benefit profile of HRT.
  • The use of HRT remains a subject of significant scientific and public health discussion.

    • Outlook:

    • Further research is needed to refine patient selection and personalize HRT regimens.
    • Long-term monitoring and updated clinical guidelines are essential for safe HRT practices.
    • The ongoing evaluation of HRT will inform future therapeutic strategies in women's health.