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Related Experiment Videos

The defined HHS/DOT substituted urine criteria validated through a controlled hydration study.

Kenneth Edgell1, Yale H Caplan, Leon R Glass

  • 1US Department of Transportation, Washington, DC, USA.

Journal of Analytical Toxicology
|November 9, 2002
PubMed
Summary

This study validated the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) criteria for identifying substituted urine specimens. Controlled hydration did not produce specimens meeting substitution criteria, supporting SAMHSA

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Forensic Science
  • Urine Analysis

Background:

  • Workplace drug testing relies on accurate urine specimen analysis.
  • Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) provides criteria to identify substituted urine specimens.
  • Controlled hydration studies are essential for validating these criteria.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To validate the SAMHSA criteria for classifying workplace urine specimens as inconsistent with normal human urine.
  • To assess the impact of controlled fluid intake on urine specimen characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • A controlled hydration study involving 56 participants.
  • Participants ingested 80 oz of fluid over 6 hours, following the DOT hydration protocol.
  • Urine specimens (n=498) were collected hourly and upon awakening, analyzed for creatinine and specific gravity.

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Main Results:

  • No urine specimen met the paired substitution criteria (creatinine ≤ 5.0 mg/dL and specific gravity ≤ 1.001 or ≥ 1.020).
  • 73% of participants produced at least one dilute urine specimen (creatinine < 20.0 mg/dL and specific gravity < 1.003).
  • 55% produced dilute specimens within the first 3 hours of hydration.

Conclusions:

  • The study supports the SAMHSA criteria for identifying substituted urine specimens.
  • Controlled hydration did not yield specimens that met the substitution criteria.
  • The findings reinforce the reliability of SAMHSA guidelines in workplace drug testing.