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Do volunteer donors decrease posttranfusion hepattis?

P W Holley, G C Glenn, B Y Linkenhoker

    JAMA
    |December 8, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary

    Transitioning to a volunteer blood donor system increased hepatitis B surface antigen (HBSAg) positive units by 840%. Careful donor selection is crucial for blood transfusion safety, not just reliance on volunteers.

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    Area of Science:

    • Transfusion Medicine
    • Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Screening
    • Public Health Policy

    Background:

    • The American Association of Blood Banks recommended a shift towards volunteer blood donation systems.
    • Previous systems relied on paid donors, raising concerns about disease transmission.
    • Ensuring the safety of the blood supply is paramount for patient health.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the impact of transitioning from a paid to a volunteer blood donor system on the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBSAg) positive blood units.
    • To compare the HBSAg positivity rates between paid and volunteer blood donors.
    • To inform blood banking policies regarding donor recruitment and screening.

    Main Methods:

    • A change in the blood donor system from paid to volunteer was implemented.
    • The incidence of HBSAg positive units was determined using counterelectrophoresis for both donor groups.
    • Data were collected and analyzed for units from paid donors and volunteer donors.

    Main Results:

    • A total of 2,785 units from paid donors were analyzed, with 3 (0.10%) testing HBSAg positive.
    • A total of 3,609 units from volunteer donors were analyzed, with 34 (0.94%) testing HBSAg positive.
    • This represents an 840% increase in HBSAg positive units after the system change.

    Conclusions:

    • Reliance solely on volunteer donors may not inherently increase blood safety and can lead to higher rates of HBSAg positivity.
    • Careful selection and rigorous screening of the donor population are essential for minimizing transfusion-transmitted infections.
    • Blood banking policies should emphasize donor selection criteria over the source of donation (paid vs. volunteer).

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