Cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Cardiology
• Internal Medicine

Background:

• Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death in patients with renal failure.
• Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit significant CVD burden even before starting renal replacement therapy (RRT).
• Research is increasingly focused on understanding CVD development during CKD progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the multifactorial pathogenesis of CVD in CKD.
• To examine the evidence supporting early and aggressive interventions for CVD in CKD patients.
• To highlight the significance of early-stage CKD factors in CVD progression.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on CVD pathogenesis in CKD.
• Analysis of factors contributing to CVD in the predialysis phase of CKD.
• Examination of evidence for early intervention strategies.

Main Results:

• Multiple factors contribute to CVD development in CKD, with critical factors often emerging early.
• Anemia is an independent contributor to left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and CVD in CKD, frequently underdiagnosed and undertreated.
• Hypertension is a key target for intervention in CKD-related CVD.

Conclusions:

• Early identification and management of risk factors like anemia and hypertension are vital for preventing CVD worsening in CKD.
• Aggressive intervention strategies show promise in managing and preventing CVD in the chronic kidney disease population.
• Addressing anemia and hypertension early can significantly impact cardiovascular outcomes in CKD patients.