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Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Dissection and Flat-mounting of the Threespine Stickleback Branchial Skeleton

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Published on: May 7, 2016

Unique dentition of lungfish.

¹Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia. a.kemp@mailbox.uq.edu.au

Microscopy Research and Technique

|November 14, 2002

Summary

Lungfish possess unique dental features, including true enamel and diverse dentine, offering insights into vertebrate evolution. Their tooth structure fuses dental tissues to bone, enabling continuous growth and remodeling.

Area of Science:

Paleontology
Comparative Anatomy
Evolutionary Biology

Background:

Lungfish represent an ancient lineage with a continuous fossil record since the Devonian period.
They exhibit unique dental characteristics, some shared with other fish and higher vertebrates.
A key feature is the presence of true enamel, unlike the enameloid found in most fish.

Purpose of the Study:

To detail the unique dental characters of lungfish.
To investigate the evolutionary changes in lungfish dentition.
To understand the cellular origins and mineralization processes of lungfish dental tissues.

Main Methods:

Analysis of fossil and extant lungfish dentition.
Microscopic examination of tooth plate structure and composition.

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Histological and ultrastructural studies of enamel and dentine formation.

Main Results:

Lungfish dentition displays diverse dentine forms and continuous growth patterns.
Enamel is formed from amelogenin by ameloblasts and mineralized by calcium hydroxyapatite.
Dentine forms involve a collagenous extracellular matrix mineralized with variable calcium hydroxyapatite.
Dental tissues are uniquely fused to underlying bone, which remodels for dentition growth.

Conclusions:

Lungfish dental morphology provides insights into evolutionary pathways within the group.
The cellular origins and mineralization processes of lungfish teeth are consistent with vertebrate patterns.
Unique dental fusion and bone remodeling mechanisms facilitate continuous tooth growth in lungfish.