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Small bowel biopsy in Swedish paediatric clinics
L Stenhammar1, H Ascher, L Danielsson
1Department of Paediatrics, Linköping University , Norrköping Hospital, Norrköping, Sweden. lars.stenhammar@lio.se
Insights
Swedish pediatric clinics increasingly use endoscopic biopsies for diagnosing coeliac disease, though capsule biopsies remain viable. Both methods effectively obtain small bowel samples when children are properly sedated.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Gastroenterology
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
- Coeliac Disease Diagnosis
Background:
- Coeliac disease is a common chronic condition in Swedish children.
- Accurate diagnosis requires small bowel biopsy.
- Debate exists regarding capsule versus endoscopic biopsy for pediatric coeliac disease.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess current small bowel biopsy practices in Swedish pediatric clinics.
- To inform recommendations on biopsy techniques for childhood coeliac disease.
- To compare endoscopic and capsule biopsy routines.
Main Methods:
- A national questionnaire study was conducted in 2000.
- 39 out of 40 pediatric clinics responded (98% coverage).
- Data collected on biopsy techniques, sedation, and parental presence.
Main Results:
- Approximately 1400 biopsies were performed; 64% were capsule, 36% endoscopic.
- Sedation levels and monitoring differed between techniques.
- Parental presence varied significantly based on sedation and biopsy method.
Conclusions:
- A trend towards endoscopic biopsy is evident, with improved sedation practices.
- Both endoscopic and capsule biopsies are effective for small bowel sampling.
- Capsule biopsy is likely to persist due to practical and economic factors, albeit less frequently.
Aim:
A correct diagnosis of coeliac disease, one of the most common chronic diseases in Swedish children, demands small bowel biopsy, which can be performed endoscopically or by means of a peroral capsule. Recently there was a debate among Swedish paediatric gastroenterologists, with some advocating the cessation of capsule biopsy in favour of endoscopic biopsies. To gain information on which to base a recommendation for which technique to use, the Swedish Working Group for Childhood Coeliac Disease was commissioned to carry out a national questionnaire study on current small bowel biopsy routines in Swedish paediatric clinics.
Methods:
A questionnaire concerning biopsy routines in the year 2000 was sent to all paediatric clinics performing biopsies. A reply was obtained from 39 of 40 clinics, covering 98% of the Swedish population.
Results:
Some 1400 biopsies were performed, 64% of which were capsule biopsies and 36% endoscopic. Three clinics performed all biopsies endoscopically and 11 clinics all via a capsule. At endoscopy all children were under deep sedation or full anaesthesia, while most children undergoing capsule biopsy were under light or deep sedation. The oxygen saturation was monitored during endoscopy but less often or never during routine capsule biopsy. The presence of the parents during biopsy varied according to the degree of sedation: at 97% of the clinics performing capsule biopsy on children under light sedation, the parents were present during the whole procedure, whereas no parents were present at clinics where the biopsy was performed endoscopically under anaesthesia.
Conclusion:
Compared with the results of a similar questionnaire concerning biopsy routines performed in the early 1990s, children are now more effectively sedated. Furthermore, there is an obvious trend from capsule towards endoscopic biopsy. Both the endoscopic and the capsule biopsy techniques are useful and satisfactory for obtaining small bowel mucosal samples providing that the children are effectively sedated. For practical and economic reasons the capsule biopsy technique will probably continue to be used, although to a lesser extent than today.
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