Biomimetic surfaces for control of cell adhesion to facilitate bone formation

Cell adhesion to extracellular matrix ligands through integrin receptors plays a central role in bone formation and maintenance by anchoring cells and triggering signals that direct osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. Moreover, osteoblast adhesion to adsorbed, synthesized, or engineered extracellular ligands on synthetic surfaces is critical to numerous biomedical and biotechnological applications. Considerable research efforts have concentrated on the development of surfaces that promote osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Emerging surface engineering approaches have focused on creating biomimetic substrates that target integrins to activate signaling pathways directing the osteoblast differentiation program. These initiatives generally rely on controlling the adsorption of extracellular matrix ligands or engineering synthetic supports presenting bioadhesive motifs from extracellular matrix proteins. These biomolecular approaches provide promising strategies for the engineering of robust biofunctional matrices that control cell adhesion and signaling and promote osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and matrix mineralization.