Distribution of two HIV-1-resistant polymorphisms (SDF1-3'A and CCR2-64I alleles) in the Polish population

Chemokine receptors (CCR2 and CXCR4) are used as coreceptors for entry of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) into the target cells. Mutations in CCR2 (CCR2-64I) and stromal-derived factor SDF1 (SDF1-3'A), the primary ligand for CXCR4, exhibited a protective effect against the onset of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The frequency of the SDF1-3'A and CCR2-64I alleles were determined in blood donors from 16 provinces, covering the entire territory of Poland. Of 1063 individuals, 274 (25.8%) were carriers of the SDF1-3'A allele; 36 of them (3.4%) were homozygotes (SDF-3'A/A) while 238 (22.4%) were heterozygotes (SDF-3'G/A), resulting in a 14.6% frequency of the SDF1-3'A allele. Moreover, in the same group of individuals, 234 (22.0%) carried the CCR2-64I allele; 6 of them (0.6%) were homozygotes (CCR2-64I/I), and 228 (21.4%) were heterozygotes (CCR2-64V/I), resulting in an 11.3% frequency of the CCR2-64I allele. The highest frequencies of the SDF1-3'A allele were found in the northeastern provinces and in one of the western provinces of Poland. In contrast, allelic frequencies of CCR2-64I varied slightly among different provinces. The different pattern of prevalence of the SDF1-3'A and CCR2-64I alleles in Poland might suggest that the CCR2-64I allele was spread much earlier than the SDF1-3'A allele in the population of Poland.