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[New therapeutic approaches in stroke prevention]
Insights
Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability, with a high risk of recurrence. Understanding new vascular risk factors and atherogenesis mechanisms is crucial for developing effective preventive therapies.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Cardiology
- Gerontology
Background:
- Stroke is a major cause of death, dementia, and adult disability globally.
- Significant vascular risk of recurrence (stroke, myocardial infarction, vascular death) persists post-stroke.
- Conventional vascular risk factors (RF) explain only half of all vascular events.
Discussion:
- Atherogenesis and atheroma plaque instability mechanisms require deeper investigation.
- Emerging vascular RFs are key to advancing preventive strategies.
- New therapeutic approaches stem from enhanced understanding of these processes.
Key Insights:
- Clinical trials highlight the role of ACE inhibitors and statins in vascular prevention.
- Homocysteine-related vitamins and antihypertensives show promise for cognitive protection.
- Integrating knowledge of atherogenesis and novel RFs improves therapeutic outcomes.
Outlook:
- Further research into plaque instability and novel RFs is essential.
- Personalized preventive strategies based on advanced risk factor profiles will emerge.
- Improved management of vascular risk aims to reduce stroke recurrence and associated disabilities.
Abstract:
Stroke is the second most common cause of death and dementia and the number one cause of serious disability in adults in developed countries. After the stroke there remains a maximum vascular risk of recurrence (stroke, heart attack or vascular death). The known vascular risk factors (RF) could only explain 50% of vascular events. A better knowledge of atherogenesis, of the mechanisms that cause instability in the atheroma plaque and of new vascular RF gives rise to new preventive therapeutic approaches. This knowledge is the result of new clinical trials, such as the use of ACE inhibitors, statins, vitamins related with homocysteine, and the use of antihypertensive drugs to prevent cognitive deterioration or dementia, which add to those that have already been conducted.
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