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Ankle dorsiflexion delay can predict falls in the elderly.

Gilles Kemoun1, Philippe Thoumie, Dominique Boisson

  • 1Physical Medicine Department, General Hospital, Wattrelos, France. gkemoun@nordnet.fr

Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine
|November 21, 2002
PubMed
Summary

Subclinical gait changes, like slower walking and delayed ankle dorsiflexion, can predict falls in older adults. These subtle alterations in walking patterns signal increased fall risk in the elderly.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Biomechanics
  • Kinesiology

Background:

  • Falls are a significant risk for elderly individuals, impacting mobility and independence.
  • Identifying predictive markers for falls is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies in aging populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate kinematic and kinetic gait characteristics in healthy elderly non-fallers.
  • To identify predictive parameters for falls in older adults.

Main Methods:

  • A 1-year prospective study involving 54 healthy volunteers over 60 years old with no prior falls.
  • Utilized an optoelectronic system for 3D movement analysis and force platforms to assess gait parameters.
  • Subjects were monitored bi-monthly for fall occurrences over the study period.

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Main Results:

  • 16 out of 54 participants experienced falls during the 1-year study.
  • Fallers exhibited slower walking speeds and prolonged double support phases compared to non-fallers.
  • Reduced range of motion in the ankle and hip, decreased power, and fewer power/moment variations were observed in fallers.
  • A notable finding was a delay in ankle dorsiflexion during the swing phase in individuals who fell.

Conclusions:

  • Subclinical alterations in gait parameters are present in older adults and can precede falls.
  • Neuromotor pattern changes during walking are associated with an increased tendency to fall.
  • Delayed ankle dorsiflexion during the swing phase is a significant predictive indicator for falls in the elderly.