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Related Concept Videos

Long-patch Base Excision Repair01:02

Long-patch Base Excision Repair

Since the discovery of the two BER pathways, there has been a debate about how a cell chooses one pathway over the other and the factors determining this selection. Numerous in vitro experiments have pointed out multiple determinants for the sub-pathway selection. These are:
Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)01:15

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Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT) is an advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique specifically designed to detect and enhance the signals of low-abundance nuclei, such as carbon-13 and nitrogen-15, in small molecules. The fundamental principle behind INEPT is the transfer of polarization from a more abundant and highly polarizable nucleus, typically hydrogen-1, to the low-abundance nucleus of interest. This process effectively boosts the NMR signal of the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Sequence-specific and Selective Recognition of Double-stranded RNAs over Single-stranded RNAs by Chemically Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids
09:04

Sequence-specific and Selective Recognition of Double-stranded RNAs over Single-stranded RNAs by Chemically Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids

Published on: September 21, 2017

Efficient interstrand excess electron transfer in PNA:DNA hybrids.

Michaela K Cichon1, Clemens H Haas, Friederike Grolle

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|November 21, 2002
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Excess electron transfer through peptide nucleic acid (PNA):DNA base stacks is efficient between strands. This study explored how distance, sequence, and stacking affect this electron transfer process.

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Biophysical Chemistry
  • Molecular Electronics

Background:

  • Peptide nucleic acids (PNA) are DNA mimics with potential applications in molecular electronics.
  • Understanding charge transport in PNA:DNA hybrids is crucial for developing novel electronic devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficiency of excess electron transfer through PNA:DNA base stacks.
  • To explore the influence of distance, sequence, and stacking on interstrand electron transfer.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of PNA:DNA strands incorporating a flavin electron donor and a thymine dimer acceptor.
  • Utilizing constructs to induce strand breaks upon single electron reduction.

Main Results:

  • Confirmed efficient interstrand excess electron transfer through the base stack.
  • Demonstrated that increased distance, altered sequences, and stacking significantly impact transfer efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • Excess electron transfer in PNA:DNA hybrids is feasible and controllable.
  • The findings provide insights into designing molecular electronic components based on nucleic acid structures.