Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 28, 2026

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing
05:25

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing

Published on: August 14, 2019

Voiding cystourethrography using the suprapubic versus transurethral route in infants and children: results of a

Josef Oswald1, Marcus Riccabona, Lukas Lusuardi

  • 1Department of Urology, Institute of Biostatistics, University of Innsbruck, Austria.

The Journal of Urology
|November 21, 2002
PubMed

Insights

Suprapubic puncture with anesthesia is better tolerated by children over 24 months for voiding cystourethrography, showing less pain than transurethral catheterization.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric imaging
  • Urology
  • Pain management

Background:

  • Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in children.
  • Voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) is crucial for UTI diagnosis.
  • Contrast medium administration methods for VCUG vary.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare child behavior and distress during bladder contrast medium injection.
  • To evaluate transurethral catheterization versus suprapubic puncture for VCUG.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study of 65 children (mean age 33.8 months) undergoing VCUG.
  • Comparison of transurethral catheterization (32 children) and suprapubic puncture with topical anesthesia (33 children).
  • Objective pain score used to measure stress and pain during procedures.

Main Results:

  • Suprapubic puncture group had a lower mean pain score (3.03 ± 1.21) than transurethral catheterization (4.25 ± 1.3).
  • Pain scores increased with age in the transurethral group (p <0.001).
  • Pain scores decreased with age in the suprapubic group (p <0.001).

Conclusions:

  • Suprapubic puncture with topical anesthesia is well-tolerated and shows low pain, independent of age.
  • Transurethral catheterization is tolerated but associated with low pain only in younger children.
  • Recommend suprapubic route for VCUG in children older than 24 months.
Abstract

Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography01:22

Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography

Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...
Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography01:22

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...
Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination01:28

Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination

Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...
Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography01:24

Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography

IntroductionUltrasonography, or renal ultrasound, is a noninvasive medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and surrounding tissues.Indications for Urinary System UltrasonographyUrinary system ultrasonography is indicated in various clinical scenarios, such as:Kidney Stones (Urolithiasis): To detect and monitor the size and presence of kidney or urinary tract stones.Hydronephrosis: To assess the dilation of the renal pelvis and...
Imaging Studies I: Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder Studies01:28

Imaging Studies I: Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder Studies

Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) StudiesKidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) studies are standard diagnostic imaging procedures used to assess the anatomy of the urinary system. They are commonly utilized for patients experiencing abdominal pain or urinary symptoms. By using a simple X-ray of the abdomen, KUB studies can reveal structural and pathological abnormalities within the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. These studies are particularly valuable in diagnosing kidney stones, urinary...
Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...