[Atherosclerosis in HIV-positive patients]

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Infectious Diseases
• Pharmacology

Context:

• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) primarily targets the immune system but affects other organs, including the cardiovascular system.
• Cardiovascular manifestations in HIV-infected individuals can stem from the virus itself or opportunistic infections.
• Concerns exist regarding premature arteriosclerosis and coronary artery disease in HIV patients, particularly those on protease inhibitors.

Purpose:

• To provide an overview of arteriosclerosis and coronary events in HIV-infected patients.
• To examine the impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on cardiovascular health in HIV patients.
• To discuss the potential link between HIV, ART, and premature cardiovascular disease.

Summary:

• HIV infection is associated with cardiovascular complications, including myocardial infarction in younger patients on protease inhibitors.
• While long-term ART has improved outcomes, metabolic side effects like dyslipidemia and insulin resistance can negatively impact cardiovascular risk profiles.
• Studies suggest both HIV and ART may contribute to premature arteriosclerosis, despite some epidemiological studies showing no significant treatment effect on coronary heart disease.

Impact:

• Highlights the complex relationship between HIV, antiretroviral therapy, and cardiovascular disease.
• Emphasizes the need for monitoring cardiovascular health in HIV-infected patients undergoing long-term treatment.
• Informs clinical practice regarding the management of cardiovascular risks in the context of HIV infection and its treatment.