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Related Experiment Videos

Rift valley fever.

Gertruida H Gerdes1

  • 1Department of Virology, P/Bag X05, Veterinary Research Institute, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa. magda@moon.ovi.ac.za

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Food Animal Practice
|November 22, 2002
PubMed
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Rift Valley fever virus (RVF) causes severe disease in livestock and can infect humans. Outbreaks are linked to rainfall and mosquito populations, requiring careful diagnosis and vaccination strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Arthropod-borne Diseases
  • Zoonotic Infections

Background:

  • Rift Valley fever virus (RVF) is an arthropod-borne Phlebovirus endemic to sub-Saharan Africa, with outbreaks reported in Egypt, Madagascar, and the Arabian Peninsula.
  • Epizootics are associated with above-average rainfall, flooding, and increased populations of Aedine mosquitoes, which transmit the virus transovarially.
  • RVF is a zoonosis causing abortion in livestock and high mortality in newborns, with potential severe complications in humans.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of Rift Valley fever virus (RVF).
  • To highlight the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic approaches for RVF.
  • To discuss current and emerging vaccination strategies for RVF control.

Main Methods:

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  • Review of existing literature on Rift Valley fever virus (RVF).
  • Analysis of epidemiological data linking outbreaks to environmental factors and mosquito vectors.
  • Summary of clinical signs in animals and humans, diagnostic methods, and vaccine efficacy.

Main Results:

  • RVF outbreaks are irregular, linked to rainfall, flooding, and Aedine mosquito presence.
  • The virus causes significant reproductive losses in livestock and can lead to severe hepatitis.
  • Human infections typically present as influenza-like illness but can progress to encephalitis or retinitis.

Conclusions:

  • RVF poses a significant threat to livestock and public health in endemic and expanding regions.
  • Accurate diagnosis is crucial for differentiating RVF from other causes of hepatitis and jaundice.
  • Development of safer and more effective vaccines is ongoing due to limitations of current strains.