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Liquid-liquid and liquid-solid phase separation and flocculation for a charged colloidal dispersion.

S K Lai¹, K L Wu

¹Complex Liquids Laboratory, Department of Physics, National Central University, Chung-li 320, Taiwan, Republic of China.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics

|November 22, 2002

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This study models colloidal interactions using Yukawa repulsion and van der Waals attraction. Findings reveal critical particle size and Hamaker constants influencing stable liquid-liquid phase transitions and flocculation in charged colloidal dispersions.

Area of Science:

Colloid and Interface Science
Statistical Mechanics
Physical Chemistry

Background:

Traditional models like DLVO (Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek) lack explicit spatial correlations between colloids and ions.
Accurate modeling of intercolloidal forces is crucial for understanding phase behavior and stability.
Yukawa repulsion offers an analytical approach incorporating these correlations.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a thermodynamic model for charged colloidal dispersions using a hard-sphere Yukawa repulsion and van der Waals attraction.
To investigate the influence of Hamaker constant and particle size on liquid-liquid phase transitions.
To study the flocculation phenomenon and determine stability criteria for colloidal dispersions.

Main Methods:

Modeling intercolloidal interactions with a hard-sphere Yukawa repulsion plus van der Waals attraction.

Related Experiment Videos

Employing second-order thermodynamic perturbation theory to calculate colloidal Helmholtz free energy.

Analyzing thermodynamic quantities (pressure, chemical potential) for phase diagram determination.

Investigating stability curves and phase transitions based on energetic criteria.

Main Results:

Identified threshold values for Hamaker constant and particle size that distinguish stable from metastable liquid-liquid coexistence.
Developed a parametric phase diagram relating Hamaker constant, coupling strength, and particle size to colloidal stability.
Established a minimum critical particle size for irreversible versus reversible phase transitions in flocculation.

Conclusions:

The Yukawa repulsion model provides a robust framework for understanding colloidal phase behavior and stability.
Particle size and interparticle attraction (via Hamaker constant) are key determinants of phase transition types.
A minimum particle size dictates the nature (reversible/irreversible) of colloidal flocculation.