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Fcgamma receptor IIIA polymorphism as a risk factor for acute poliomyelitis
Tiina Rekand1, Nina Langeland, Johan A Aarli
1Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway. Tiina.Rekand@helse-bergen.no
Abstract:
Poliomyelitis is a viral infection that causes flaccid paralysis in approximately 1% of cases. The Fc receptors for immunoglobulin G (FcgammaR) are associated with modifying effects of several infectious and autoimmune diseases. To assess the influence of FcgammaR polymorphisms on the acute and late course of poliomyelitis, 110 Norwegian patients with well-defined histories of acute poliomyelitis were genotyped, of whom 50 suffered from the postpolio syndrome (PPS). In comparison with healthy control subjects without a history of poliomyelitis, significantly fewer patients had the FcgammaRIIIA genotype V/V (P<.01). However, this genotype was not an independent risk factor for PPS. The FcgammaRIIA and IIIB genotypes and allele frequencies did not differ between the patients and control subjects. The FcgammaRIIIA V/V genotype may lower the risk for contracting acute poliomyelitis through better clearance of poliovirus.
Insights
Certain Fc gamma receptors (FcgammaR) influence disease. The FcgammaRIIIA V/V genotype was less common in polio patients, suggesting it may protect against acute poliomyelitis by enhancing poliovirus clearance.
Area of Science:
- Immunogenetics
- Virology
- Neurology
Background:
- Poliomyelitis is a viral illness causing paralysis.
- Fc receptors for immunoglobulin G (FcgammaR) are implicated in infectious and autoimmune diseases.
- Polymorphisms in FcgammaR genes may affect poliomyelitis outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between FcgammaR gene polymorphisms and the risk of acute poliomyelitis.
- To determine if FcgammaR polymorphisms influence the development of post-polio syndrome (PPS).
Main Methods:
- Genotyping of 110 Norwegian patients with poliomyelitis and 50 with PPS.
- Comparison of FcgammaR genotypes and allele frequencies with healthy controls.
- Statistical analysis to assess genotype associations and risk factors.
Main Results:
- Significantly fewer poliomyelitis patients possessed the FcgammaRIIIA V/V genotype compared to controls (P<.01).
- The FcgammaRIIIA V/V genotype was not identified as an independent risk factor for PPS.
- No significant differences were observed in FcgammaRIIA and IIIB genotypes between patients and controls.
Conclusions:
- The FcgammaRIIIA V/V genotype may confer protection against acute poliomyelitis.
- This protection might be mediated by improved poliovirus clearance.
- FcgammaR polymorphisms do not appear to be a significant risk factor for developing post-polio syndrome.