Cardiac imaging using a phased array ultrasound system. II. Clinical technique and application

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Imaging
• Medical Ultrasound Technology
• Diagnostic Cardiology

Background:

• Real-time, high-resolution imaging of cardiac structures is crucial for accurate diagnosis.
• Existing ultrasound systems may have limitations in speed, resolution, or manipulation for comprehensive cardiac visualization.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and evaluate a new two-dimensional ultrasound imaging system for real-time, high-resolution cardiac imaging.
• To assess the system's capability in delineating various cardiac structures and spatial geometry.

Main Methods:

• Development of a two-dimensional ultrasound system utilizing phased array principles.
• Employment of a hand-held linear array with 16 transducers for beam steering.
• Real-time image generation at 20 frames/second with a circular sector display (60° azimuth, 15 cm range).
• Implementation of focused transmit beam and synchronized receiver focus for high azimuthal resolution.

Main Results:

• The system produces high-resolution tomographic images of the heart in real time.
• Achieved azimuthal resolution of 2-5 mm and range resolution of 1.5 mm.
• Successfully delineated left ventricular geometry, including endocardium, myocardium, papillary muscles, and interventricular septum.
• Obtained high-quality images of mitral and aortic leaflets, aortic root, left atrium, and other cardiac structures.

Conclusions:

• The developed two-dimensional ultrasound system offers significant advancements in real-time cardiac imaging.
• Its high resolution and ability to visualize intricate cardiac anatomy make it a valuable tool for cardiologists.
• This technology shows promise for improved diagnosis and understanding of cardiac conditions.