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Related Experiment Videos

Simulating closed- and open-loop voluntary movement: a nonlinear control-systems approach.

Paul R Davidson1, Richard D Jones, John H Andreae

  • 1Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.

IEEE Transactions on Bio-Medical Engineering
|November 27, 2002
PubMed
Summary
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Human motor control models often assume feedback is only for disturbances. This study shows feedback remains crucial for stability even after adaptation, challenging existing theories and supporting a new computational model.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Robotics
  • Human Motor Control

Background:

  • Current human motor control models, like feedback-error learning and adaptive model theory (AMT), propose feedback corrects errors while an inverse model handles feedforward control.
  • This hypothesis suggests feedback's role diminishes to disturbance correction once the inverse model is fully adapted.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis that feedback control is limited to disturbance correction after adaptation.
  • To investigate the open-loop behavior of the human motor system during adaptation to a new visuomotor relationship.

Main Methods:

  • An experiment with 20 adults learning a novel visuomotor task using a pursuit tracking paradigm with a steering wheel.
  • Periodic blanking of the response cursor to remove visual feedback during the adaptation phase.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Comparison of experimental results with predictions from a novel nonlinear AMT computational model and other control-system models.

    • Main Results:

    • Observed open-loop behavior during adaptation was inconsistent with a complete transfer from closed-loop to open-loop control.
    • The developed nonlinear AMT computational model accurately reproduced both closed- and open-loop experimental results.
    • In contrast, other control models failed to predict the observed open-loop behavior, showing minimal feedback post-adaptation.

    Conclusions:

    • The study challenges the prevailing hypothesis regarding the limited role of feedback control after motor adaptation.
    • The novel computational model demonstrates that continuous feedback is essential for maintaining the internal stability of the inverse model, even post-adaptation.
    • This model is uniquely capable of simulating both closed- and open-loop characteristics observed in human motor control experiments.